Metal Detector Frequencies Explained
VLF, PI, and Multi-Frequency Guide
Understanding metal detector frequencies is key to finding the right detector. Learn about VLF, Pulse Induction, and multi-frequency technology.
- 1What is Operating Frequency?
- 2VLF Technology
- 3Pulse Induction (PI)
- 4Multi-Frequency Technology
Operating frequency, measured in kilohertz (kHz), determines how your detector interacts with targets. Think of it as the "language" your detector speaks to find metal underground.
Lower Frequencies (3-7 kHz) - Better depth on large targets - Excellent for relics and caches - Less sensitive to small gold
Mid Frequencies (7-15 kHz) - Best all-around performance - Ideal for coins and jewelry - Good depth and sensitivity balance
Higher Frequencies (15-40+ kHz) - Superior sensitivity to small targets - Essential for gold nuggets - Less depth on large targets
VLF (Very Low Frequency) is the most common technology in hobby detectors. VLF detectors transmit and receive electromagnetic signals, analyzing the phase shift to identify targets.
Advantages: - Excellent discrimination - Target ID capabilities - Lower cost - Lighter weight
Limitations: - Affected by ground mineralization - Single frequency limits versatility - Ground balance critical in tough conditions
PI detectors use powerful pulses rather than continuous waves. They excel where VLF struggles.
Best For: - Saltwater beaches - Highly mineralized ground - Maximum depth - Gold prospecting in hot rocks
Limitations: - Poor discrimination (digs everything) - Heavier and more expensive - Higher learning curve
Popular PI Detectors: Minelab GPZ 7000, Minelab GPX 6000, Garrett ATX
Modern multi-frequency detectors run multiple frequencies simultaneously, offering the best of all worlds.
Technologies: - Minelab Multi-IQ: Powers Equinox, Vanquish, Manticore - Nokta Multi-Frequency: Powers Legend, Double Score - XP Multi-Frequency: Powers Deus II
Benefits: - Adapts to all conditions automatically - Works on any target type - Handles mineralization better - No compromise between depth and sensitivity
This technology has become the gold standard for serious detectorists.
Detectors We'd Recommend After Reading This
Our current picks for the kind of hunting this guide covers, ranked on rating and review volume.
Garrett ACE 300
Garrett's ACE 300 bridges the gap between toy detectors and serious machines with 0-99 Digital Target ID for accurate identification. Five preset search modes eliminate guesswork for new hunters, while the 7x10" DD coil provides solid depth. Made in USA with Garrett's proven reliability at an accessible price point.
Price may vary
Garrett ACE 400
The ACE 400 hits the sweet spot in Garrett's lineup with a 0-99 Digital Target ID scale and adjustable frequency that helps reduce interference. Iron Audio lets you hear masked iron targets, preventing false digs. The included 8.5x11" DD coil covers ground efficiently while the USA-made build quality ensures years of reliable use.
Price may vary
Nokta Simplex Ultra
The Simplex Ultra upgrades the beloved Simplex+ with simultaneous multi-frequency and more single-frequency options. Still maintains the original's simplicity and IP68 waterproofing while adding serious capability. The rechargeable battery and included wireless headphones make it hunt-ready out of the box.
Price may vary
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